Fiveandahalf years into darfurs crisis, and threeandahalf years after the signing of a peace deal for southern sudan the comprehensive peace agreement, or cpa, there is no prospect of a peace deal for darfur and no coherent effort to ensure that the cpa gets implemented. The 2005 comprehensive peace agreement guarantees a referendum on self determination for southern sudan, which is scheduled for january 2011. Female genital mutilation and cutting in sudan a report by waging peace, april 2016. In respect of the southern sudan, there shall be a government of southern sudan goss, as per the borders of 1156, which shall consist of. Power sharing signed at naivasha, kenya on 26th may, 2004 part iii. Introduction faced with reporters who had already speculated on the failure of the latest sudan darfur peace negotiations at syrte, libya, in late october 2007. Like many territorial demarcations in the continent, sudans present borderlines were defined by the colonial powers at the turn ofthe century. State of the worlds emergencies sudan waging peace. By senait woldu tesfamichael march, 2008 this piece was written while the author was completing a master of arts degree in peace studies at the joan b. As a political entity, then, sudan likemany african countriesisa fairly recent creation. Female genital mutilation and cutting in sudan a report by.
As a political entity, then, sudanlikemany african countriesisa fairly recent creation. The sudan civil wars cover a period of 50 years 19552005 within which there was a period of ten years or so 19721983 of relative peace following the signing of the addis ababa agreement in 1972. The negotiation of security issues in sudans comprehensive. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. Since 1993, the leaders of eritrea, ethiopia, uganda, and kenya have pursued a peace initiative for the sudan under the auspices of the intergovernmental authority.
They eventually became more infuriated and with the initial help of spla. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was seen as a new era for sudan, but the country has many interwoven conflicts that cant be solved through a single agreement. In south sudan, media is a consistent way of involving all spheres of societies even during violence. Implementing peace in sudan the institute for inclusive. Sudan and south sudan have theoretically been at peace since the. Cpa comprehensive peace agreement drc democratic republic of congo dtis diagnostic trade integration study eba everything but arms initiative epa economic partnership agree. Train groups on conflictsensitive and responsible communication that helps to prevent rather than fuel conflict. Policy recommendations implementing a more inclusive. The rebel groups, on the other hand, viewed that an everdefiant government in khartoum cashing in on the southern peace process to continue its domination ignored their concerns. Old conflict, new complex emergency the southern peace process being negotiated at the time. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan.
Sudansnorthsouthconflictowes its genesis tothecolonialpast. Peace and conflict monitor, discerning for peace in africa. Sodomy is illegal under article 148 of sudans 1991 criminal act. Perceptions of conflict are mainly shaped by violent experiences with conflict drivers of conflict. Waging peace in sudan and what it means for development devex.
Risk to lgbt communities and hiv sufferers in sudan. Sudan government to bolster their capacity to sustain projects, including training related to conflictrelated data and analysis, peace reconciliation, land and resource management, gbv, health, and child protection. As sudan soon faces the most decisive moment in its history, this book is indispensable reading. Waging peace is a human rights organisation which campaigns against genocide and systematic human rights violations in sudan. Female genital mutilation and cutting in s udan a report by waging peace, october 2015 prevalence female genital mutilationcutting fgmc refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons1. Fm, news article by agence france presse, 22 december 2002. Peace in south sudan critical to regional stability. Institute of peace library source information posted by usip library on. Jan 24, 2011 peacebuilding efforts in sudan must be managed much better by sudanese and international leaders to avoid the countrys fragmentation following its referendum on the souths independence. Johnsons account provides a level of detail seldom achieved in works of contemporary african history and diplomacy. South sudans civil war, which began in december 20, continued in 2015 with serious abuses of civilians by both warring parties.
Issues of development in the east should be dealt with through a postconflict needs assessment with the involvement of interested donors. Sudan liberation movement sslm was formed, drawing its rank and file. South sudans civil war, which began in december 20, continued in 2016 with serious abuses against civilians by both government forces and opposition fighters despite a peace agreement signed. The more than twodecades long conflict had caused an estimated 2 million deaths and displaced 4. Together with our sister charity article 1 we also work closely with the sudanese community in the uk, with a focus on those made 1most vulnerable by the immigration system. Fighting moved rapidly to various military installations and, by the next morning, into civilian neighbourhoods. Outbreaks of war and massive violence have followed the failure of peace. He is the author of a book about conflict resolution and humanitarian relief in sudans civil war and darfur. The sudan peace is the result of the addis ababa peace agreement of 1972 and comprehensive peace agreement cpa of the 2005. Youth are the main actors, but elders play a role in encouraging conflict. Background of beja and beja congress the beja are ethnically nonarab people consisting of the hadendowa, the amarar, the eniamer, and the bishariyyn tribes.
In 2011, south sudan became an independent country. One unique feature to both is that, they were all initiated by the khartoum government 43 though the same has been accused of being the first to violate the terms agreement. Introduction faced with reporters who had already speculated on the failure of the latest sudandarfur peace negotiations at syrte, libya, in. The most significant relate to stigma, lack of knowledge of illnesses and their treatability, as well as financial constraints. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government. Introduction civil war and local conflict in sudan sudan has been at war for more than two decades. Sudan peace agreements, conflict resolution, sudan scenarios, colonial. Outcome documents generally do not include plans for action nor provisions for. All signs suggest that the transition from greater sudan to the republics of sudan and south sudan is not. This period provides a demarcation that prompts some analysts to the sudan wars to classify them into two. Acronyms cfa ceasefire agreement ddr disarmament, demobilization and reintegration dop declaration of principles espa eastern sudan peace agreement esrdf eastern sudan reconstruction and development fund gos government of sudan hjmc higher military committee idps internally displaced persons inc interim national constitution jmcr joint military committee for reintegration. Upon signing the comprehensive peace agreement, the presidency shall, as a matter of urgency, start peace and reconciliation process for abyei that shall work for harmony and peaceful coexistence in the area. There is optimism that the agreement signals a peaceful and prosperous future. Local peace processes in sudan and south sudan united states.
Sudans constitution of 2005 subsequently amended historical. Sudan is a country of fragile ecosystems, frequent droughts, and, as a result, pressing challenges to address the national priorities of food security, water supply, and public health. Lessons in peacebuilding and economic development in south sudan 3 adapting the vsla model in conflict and postconflict contexts in the maiwut county area, savings groups offer the chance to both raise local incomes and empower women economically. Government of sudan gos, sudan peoples liberation movement splma subject. On 15 december 20, an internal power struggle within the sudan peoples liberation movement splm, south sudans ruling political party, came to a head during a meeting of its second highest organ, the national liberation council. Sudan snorthsouthconflictowes its genesis tothecolonialpast. In addition to the implementation of sharia law in sudan, womens rights in sudan suffered as a result of the ongoing 21 year conflict between the sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation movement splm which left more than two million people dead and uprooted. Institutional developments and political trends in focus areas samson s. Prevalence female genital mutilation cutting fgmc refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons1. Jul 08, 2005 the sudan government and rebels from the south have signed the accords making up a peace deal to end 21 years of fighting.
What started as a conflict between forces loyal to. What started as a conflict between forces loyal to president salva kiir and those supporting former vice presi. Sudan, abyei, government of sudan, gos, sudan peoples liberation movement, sudan peoples liberation army, splma, splm, spla, naivasha, kenya, africa, igad, peace, peace agreements, peace. Waging peace is a nongovernmental organisation ngo that campaigns against human rights abuses in sudan. The agreement includes a permanent ceasefire, and protocols on sharing power and wealth. On january 9, 2005, the leaders of sudan, vice president ali osman taha, and the sudan peoples liberation movement, john garang, signed the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, thereby ending the longest running conflict in africa. Like many territorial demarcations in the continent, sudan s present borderlines were defined by the colonial powers at the turn ofthe century. Other market recovery options might not work as well. Institute of peace, june 2011, filesresourcessr278. A sixyear interim period dated from 9 july 2005 is established during which the southern sudanese will have the right to govern affairs in their region and participate equitably in the national government. Policy recommendations implementing a more inclusive peace agreement in south sudan january 2016 kelly case south sudan has been in violent conflict for two years the brutality of which shocked the world. This is due to the winlose attitude held by the parties going into the negotiations, with the souths sudan peoples. A summary of the comprehensive peace agreement conciliation.
Igads engagement in the sudan peace process began on 7 september 1993 when it established a standing committee on peace to assist negotiations and end sudans civil war. Fighting threatens peace in south sudan hundreds have been killed in south sudans capital, juba, in recent days, after fighting broke out between opposing factions. Waging peace in sudan and what it means for development. When an agreement was reached in may 2004, negotiators hoped everything would be finalised within weeks. Peace in south sudan critical to regional stability africa. The agreement ended a 20year old civil war pitting the indigenous population against successive arab muslim regimes in khartoum. Peacebuilding efforts in sudan must be managed much better by sudanese and international leaders to avoid the countrys fragmentation following its. Introduction documenting the african unions leadership in the darfur peace process and the mediation between sudan and south sudan. Government stakeholders have also been involved in the. Policy recommendations implementing a more inclusive peace.
Despite these efforts and achievements, violent conflict persists, though mostly between groups within the two countries. In february 2009, the african union highlevel panel on darfur aupd, chaired by former south african president thabo mbeki, and including former burundian president pierre buyoya, and former nigerian president gen. Sudan popular defense forces pdf the popular defense force, the military wing of the national islamic front, consists of 10,000 active members, with 85,000 reserves as of 2004. The republic of the sudan is an independent, sovereign state.
In sudan there are many barriers to mental health service utilisation. The war in the south and in the transitional zone between south and north came to an uneasy end in 2005 with the. Jacqueline wilson united states institute of peace. The failure of efforts thus far to bring peace to greater sudan, especially the comprehensive peace agreement project, does not bode well for the chances of avoiding new decades of conflict and the countries continued impoverishment. Featuring contributions from different sides of sudans conflicts, this accord examines who was excluded from the peace process and suggests how future. The crisis in south sudan will likely derail its plans with kenya to build an oil pipeline to kenyas indian ocean port of lamu. Wassara phd1 introduction the sudan is a vast and varied country in terms of its geography and people, defining its social and political relations from the colonial era through independence. Kroc institute for international peace studies at the university of notre dame. The country could soon witness one of the first partitions of an african state since the colonial era. Waging peace in sudan describes this process from a unique, insiders perspective. Citizens thoughts on the south sudan constitution 5 preface the historic signing of the comprehensive peace agreement between the sudanese peoples liberation movement splm and the government of sudan gos on january 9, 2005, creates a new political paradigm for sudan and empowers the leaders and people. By law, first and second offences are punishable by lashing and with imprisonment 1for up to five years. Sudan comprehensive peace agreement peace accords matrix.
A diagnostic trade integration study dtis prepared for the integrated framework program december 2008. The sudan peoples liberation army spla split between forces loyal to the government and forces loyal to former vicepresident riek machar. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa between the government of sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma signed on the 9th january of 2005 formally ended one of the longest and highly violent armed conflicts in africa. In addition to the implementation of sharia law in sudan, womens rights in sudan suffered as a result of the ongoing 21 year conflict between the sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation movement splm which left more than two million people dead and uprooted some four million across the vast african nation. The deteriorating peace in sudan wednesday, september 20, 2006 house of representatives, subcommittee on africa, global human rights and international operations, committee on international relations, washington, dc. Protocol between the government of sudan and the sudan people. The failure of efforts thus far to bring peace to greater sudan, especially the. Machakos protocol igad secretariat on peace in the sudan. The rebel sudan peoples liberation army spla has never clearly stated whether it is fighting for autonomy for the south within sudan, or outright independence.
654 45 1462 149 905 247 1575 394 1362 1198 226 1119 422 1362 480 1181 1248 1257 181 859 172 699 50 698 576 696 987 972